Jal pradushan par nibandh
jal pradushan par nibandh 1 (100)
dharati par jal pradushan lagatar ek badhati samasya banati ja rahi hai jo sabhi pahaluon se manav aur janavaron ko prabhavit kar rahi hai. Manav gatividhiyon ke dvara utpann jaharile pradushakon ke dvara pine ke pani ka mailapan hi jal pradushan hai. Kai sroton ke madhyam se pura pani pradushit ho raha hai jaise shahari apavah, krshi, audyogik, talachhati, apashisht bharavakshetr se nikshalan, pashu apashisht aur dusari manav gatividhiyan. Sabhi pradushak paryavaran ke liye bahut hanikarak hain. Manav janasankhya dinon-din badhati ja rahi hai isaliye unaki zarurat aur pratiyogita pradushan ko bade star par le ja rahi hai. Yahan jivan ki sambhavana ko jari rakhane ke sath hi dharati ke jal ko bachane ke liye hamari adaton mein kuchh kathor badalav ko manane ki zarurat hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 2 (150)
jivan ko khatare mein dal raha pradushan ka ek sabase khataranak aur kharab rup jal pradushan hai. Jo pani ham roj pite hain vo bilkul saf dikhayi deta hai halanki isamen tairate hue vibhinn prakar ke pradushak rahate hain. Hamari prthvi jal se dhaki hui hai (lagabhag pure bhag ka 70%) isaliye isamen chhota sa badalav bhi pure vishvabhar ke jivan ko prabhavit kar sakata hai. Krshi kshetr se ane vale pradushakon ke dvara sabase bade star ka jal pradushan hota hai kyonki vahan fasalon ki utpadakata badhane ke liye khad, kitanashak davaiyan adi ka atyadhik prayog kiya ja raha hai. Hamen krshi mein istemal hone vale rasayanon mein bade sudhar karane ki zarurat hai. Jal ko pradushit karane ka tel ek dusara bada pradushak hai. Zamin aur nadiyon se tel risana, pani ke jahajon se tel parivahan, jahajon ka durghatanagrast hone adi se samudr mein failane vala tel pure jal ko prabhavit karata hai. Mahasagar ya samudri jal mein barish ke pani ke madhyam se hava se dusare haidrokarban kan niche baith jate hain. Apashisht bharavakshetr, purani khadanen, kude ka sthan, sivar, audyogik kachara aur krshikshetr mein likez se jal mein inaka jaharila kachara mil jata hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 3 (200)
dharati par taje pani ka star har din ghatata hi ja raha hai. Prthvi par pine ke pani ki upalabdhata simit hai jabaki vo bhi insanon ki galat gatividhiyon ki vajah se pradushit rahi hai ho. Taje pine ke pani ke abhav mein dharati par jivan ki sambhavana ka akalan karana bahut kathin hai. Jal ki upayogita aur gunavatta ka girana jal mein karbanik, akarbanik, jaivik aur rediyolojikal ke madhyam se bahari tatvon ka milana jal pradushan hai.
khataranak pradushak nukasanadayak rasayan, ghule hue gais, prasupt padarth, ghule hue minarals aur kitanu sahit ashuddhi ke vibhinn prakar liye rahata hai. Sabhi pradushak pani mein ghule hue oksijan ki matra ko ghata deta hai aur insan aur janavar ko bade star par prabhavit karata hai. Paudhon aur janavaron ke jivan ko jari rakhane ke liye jaliy tantr ke dvara jaruri pani mein maujud oksijan ghula hua oksijan hota hai. Halanki karbanik padarthon ke kachare ka oksikaran karane liye vayujivi sukshmajiv ke dvara zaruri oksijan jaiv-rasayanik oksijan hai. Jal pradushan do karanon se hota hai, ek prakrtik pradushan (chattanon ke nikshalan se, karbanik padarthon ka apakshay, mare jivon ka apakshay, avasadan, mrda aparadan adi) aur dusara manav janit jal pradushan (van katai, jaliy sroton ke pas udyog lagana, audyogik kacharon ka uchch star ka utsarjan, gharelu sivez, sinthetik rasayan, rediyo-dharmi kachara, khad, kitanashak davai adi).
jal pradushan par nibandh 4 (250)
dharati par jivan ka sabase mukhy srot taja pani hai. Koi bhi jiv-jantu kuchh din tak bina bhojan ke gujar sakata hai lekin ek minat bhi bina pani aur oksijan ke jivan ki kalpana karana mushkil hai. Pine, dhone, audyogik istemal, krshi, sviming pul aur dusare jal krida kendron jaise uddeshyon ke liye adhik pani ki mang lagatar badhati janasankhya ke karan badh rahi hai. Badhati mang aur vilasita ke jivan ki pratiyogita ke karan jal pradushan pure vishv ke logon ke dvara kiya ja raha hai. Kai sari manav kriyakalapon se utpadit kachara pure pani ko kharab karata hai aur jal mein oksijan ki matra ko kam karata hai. Aise pradushak jal ki bhautik, rasayanik, tharmal aur jaiv-rasayanik visheshata ko kam karate hain aur pani ke bahar ke sath hi pani ke andar ke jivan ko buri tarah prabhavit karate hain.
jab ham pradushit pani pite hain, khataranak rasayan aur dusare pradushak sharir ke andar pravesh kar jate hain aur sharir ke sabhi angon ke karyon ko bigad dete hain aur hamara jivan khatare mein dal dete hain. Aise khataranak rasayan pashu aur paudhon ke jivan ko bhi buri tarah se prabhavit karate hain. Jab paudhe apani jadon ke dvara gande pani ko sokhate hain, vo badhana band kar dete hain aur mar ya sukh jate hain. Jahajon aur udyogon se chhalakate tel ki vajah se hajaron samudri pakshi mar jate hain. Khad, kitanashakon ke krshi upayogon se bahar ane vale rasayanon ke karan uchch stariy jal pradushan hota hai. Jal pradushak ki matra aur prakar ke adhar par jal pradushan ka prabhav jagah ke anusar badalata hai. Pine ke pani ki giravat ko rokane ke liye turant ek bachav tarike ki zarurat hai jo dharati par rah rahe harek antim vyakti ki samajh aur sahayata ke dvara sambhav hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 5 (300)
dharati par jivan ke liye jal sabase zaruri vastu hai. Yahan kisi bhi prakar ke jivan aur usake astitv ko ye sambhav banata hai. Jiv mandal mein paristhitiki santulan ko ye banaye rakhata hai. Pine, nahane, urja utpadan, fasalon ki sinchai, sivez ke nipatan, utpadan prakriya adi bahut uddeshyon ko pura karane ke liye svachchh jal bahut zaruri hai. Badhati janasankhya ke karan tej audyogikikaran aur aniyojit shaharikaran badh raha hai jo bade aur chhote pani ke sroton mein dher sara kachara chhod rahen hain jo antat: pani ki gunavatta ko gira raha hai. Jal mein aise pradushakon ke sidhe aur lagatar milane se pani mein upalabdh ojon (jo khataranak sukshm jivon ko marata hai) ke ghatane ke dvara jal ki sv: shuddhikaran kshamata ghat rahi hai. Jal pradushak jal ki rasayanik, bhautik aur jaivik visheshata ko bigad raha hai jo pure vishv mein sabhi paud-paudhon, manav aur janavaron ke liye bahut khataranak hai. Pashu aur paudhon ki bahut sari mahatvapurn prajatiyan jal pradushakon ke karan khatm ho chuki hai. Ye ek vaishvik samasya hai jo vikasit aur vikasashil donon deshon ko prabhavit kar rahi hain. Khanan, krshi, machhali palan, stokabriding, vibhinn udyog, shahari manav kriyayen, shaharikaran, nirman udyogon ki badhati sankhya, gharelu sivez adi ke karan bade star par pura pani pradushit ho raha hai.
vibhinn sroton se nikale jal padarth ki vishishtata par nirbhar jal pradushan ke bahut sare srot hain (bindu srot aur gair-bindu srot ya bikhara hua srot). Udyog, sivez upachar sanyantr, apashisht bharavakshetr, khataranak kude ki jagah se bindu srot paipalain, nala, sivar adi sammilit karata hai, tel bhandaran taink se likez jo sidhe pani ke sroton mein kachara girata hai. Jal pradushan ka bikhara hua srot krshi sambandhi maidan, dher sara pashudhan chara, parking sthal aur sadak mein se satah jal, shahari sadakon se tufani apavah adi hain jo bade pani ke sroton mein inase nikale hue pradushakon ko mila deta hai. Gair-bindu pradushak srot bade star par jal pradushan mein bhagidari karata hai jise niyantrit karana bahut kathin aur mahanga hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 6 (400)
pure vishv ke liye jal pradushan ek bada paryavaraniy aur samajik mudda hai. Ye apane charam bindu par pahunch chuka hai. Rashtriy paryavaran abhiyantriki anusandhan sansthan (niri), nagapur ke anusar ye dhyan dilaya gaya hai ki nadi jal ka 70% bade star par pradushit gaya hai ho. Bharat ki mukhy nadi vyavastha jaise ganga, brahmaputr, sindhu, prayadvipiy aur dakshin tat nadi vyavastha bade paimane par prabhavit chuki hai ho. Bharat mein mukhy nadi khasataur se ganga bharatiy sanskrti aur virasat se atyadhik judi hui hai. Amataur par log jaldi subah nahate hain aur kisi bhi vrat ya utsav mein ganga jal ko devi-devataon ko arpan karate hain. Apane puja ko sampann karane ke mithak mein ganga mein puja vidhi se judi sabhi samagri ko dal dete hain.
nadiyon mein dale gaye kachare se jal ke sv: punarchakran kshamata ke ghatane ke dvara jal pradushan badhata hai isaliye nadiyon ke pani ko svachchh aur taja rakhane ke liye sabhi deshon mein khasataur se bharat mein sarakaron dvara ise pratibandhit kar dena chahiye. Uchch star ke audyogikikaran hone ke bavajud dusare deshon se jal pradushan ki sthiti bharat mein adhik kharab hai. Kendriy pradushan niyantran bord ki riport ke anusar, bharat mein ganga sabase pradushit nadi hai ab jo pahale apani sv shuddhikaran kshamata aur tej bahane vali nadi ke rup mein prasiddh thi. Lagabhag 45 chamada banane ka karakhana aur 10 kapada mil kanapur ke nikat nadi mein sidhe apana kachara (bhari karbanik kachara aur sada saman) chhodate hain. Ek akalan ke anusar, ganga nadi mein roj lagabhag 1400 miliyan litar sivez aur 200 miliyan litar audyogik kachara lagatar chhoda ja raha hai.
dusare mukhy udyog jinase jal pradushan ho raha hai vo chini mil, bhatti, glisrin, tin, pent, sabun, katai, reyan, silk, sut adi jo jaharile kachare nikalati hai. 1984 mein, ganga ke jal pradushan ko rokane ke liye ganga ekshan plan ko shuru karane ke liye sarakar dvara ek kendriy ganga pradhikaran ki sthapana ki gayi thi. Is yojana ke anusar haridvar se hugali tak bade paimane par 27 shaharon mein pradushan faila rahi lagabhag 120 faiktariyon ko chinhit kiya gaya tha. Lakhanu ke pas gomati nadi mein lagabhag 19.84 miliyan gailan kachara lugadi, kagaj, bhatti, chini, katai, kapada, siment, bhari rasayan, pent aur varnish adi ke faiktariyon se girata hai. Pichhale 4 dashakon ye sthiti aur bhi bhayavah ho chuki hai. Jal pradushan se bachane ke liye sabhi udyogon ko manak niyamon ko manana chahiye, pradushan niyantran bord ko sakht kanun banane chahiye, uchit sivez nipatan suvidha ka prabandhan ho, sivez aur jal upachar sanyantr ki sthapana, sulabh shauchalayon adi ka nirman karana chahiye.
jal pradushan par nibandh 1 (100)
dharati par jal pradushan lagatar ek badhati samasya banati ja rahi hai jo sabhi pahaluon se manav aur janavaron ko prabhavit kar rahi hai. Manav gatividhiyon ke dvara utpann jaharile pradushakon ke dvara pine ke pani ka mailapan hi jal pradushan hai. Kai sroton ke madhyam se pura pani pradushit ho raha hai jaise shahari apavah, krshi, audyogik, talachhati, apashisht bharavakshetr se nikshalan, pashu apashisht aur dusari manav gatividhiyan. Sabhi pradushak paryavaran ke liye bahut hanikarak hain. Manav janasankhya dinon-din badhati ja rahi hai isaliye unaki zarurat aur pratiyogita pradushan ko bade star par le ja rahi hai. Yahan jivan ki sambhavana ko jari rakhane ke sath hi dharati ke jal ko bachane ke liye hamari adaton mein kuchh kathor badalav ko manane ki zarurat hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 2 (150)
jivan ko khatare mein dal raha pradushan ka ek sabase khataranak aur kharab rup jal pradushan hai. Jo pani ham roj pite hain vo bilkul saf dikhayi deta hai halanki isamen tairate hue vibhinn prakar ke pradushak rahate hain. Hamari prthvi jal se dhaki hui hai (lagabhag pure bhag ka 70%) isaliye isamen chhota sa badalav bhi pure vishvabhar ke jivan ko prabhavit kar sakata hai. Krshi kshetr se ane vale pradushakon ke dvara sabase bade star ka jal pradushan hota hai kyonki vahan fasalon ki utpadakata badhane ke liye khad, kitanashak davaiyan adi ka atyadhik prayog kiya ja raha hai. Hamen krshi mein istemal hone vale rasayanon mein bade sudhar karane ki zarurat hai. Jal ko pradushit karane ka tel ek dusara bada pradushak hai. Zamin aur nadiyon se tel risana, pani ke jahajon se tel parivahan, jahajon ka durghatanagrast hone adi se samudr mein failane vala tel pure jal ko prabhavit karata hai. Mahasagar ya samudri jal mein barish ke pani ke madhyam se hava se dusare haidrokarban kan niche baith jate hain. Apashisht bharavakshetr, purani khadanen, kude ka sthan, sivar, audyogik kachara aur krshikshetr mein likez se jal mein inaka jaharila kachara mil jata hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 3 (200)
dharati par taje pani ka star har din ghatata hi ja raha hai. Prthvi par pine ke pani ki upalabdhata simit hai jabaki vo bhi insanon ki galat gatividhiyon ki vajah se pradushit rahi hai ho. Taje pine ke pani ke abhav mein dharati par jivan ki sambhavana ka akalan karana bahut kathin hai. Jal ki upayogita aur gunavatta ka girana jal mein karbanik, akarbanik, jaivik aur rediyolojikal ke madhyam se bahari tatvon ka milana jal pradushan hai.
khataranak pradushak nukasanadayak rasayan, ghule hue gais, prasupt padarth, ghule hue minarals aur kitanu sahit ashuddhi ke vibhinn prakar liye rahata hai. Sabhi pradushak pani mein ghule hue oksijan ki matra ko ghata deta hai aur insan aur janavar ko bade star par prabhavit karata hai. Paudhon aur janavaron ke jivan ko jari rakhane ke liye jaliy tantr ke dvara jaruri pani mein maujud oksijan ghula hua oksijan hota hai. Halanki karbanik padarthon ke kachare ka oksikaran karane liye vayujivi sukshmajiv ke dvara zaruri oksijan jaiv-rasayanik oksijan hai. Jal pradushan do karanon se hota hai, ek prakrtik pradushan (chattanon ke nikshalan se, karbanik padarthon ka apakshay, mare jivon ka apakshay, avasadan, mrda aparadan adi) aur dusara manav janit jal pradushan (van katai, jaliy sroton ke pas udyog lagana, audyogik kacharon ka uchch star ka utsarjan, gharelu sivez, sinthetik rasayan, rediyo-dharmi kachara, khad, kitanashak davai adi).
jal pradushan par nibandh 4 (250)
dharati par jivan ka sabase mukhy srot taja pani hai. Koi bhi jiv-jantu kuchh din tak bina bhojan ke gujar sakata hai lekin ek minat bhi bina pani aur oksijan ke jivan ki kalpana karana mushkil hai. Pine, dhone, audyogik istemal, krshi, sviming pul aur dusare jal krida kendron jaise uddeshyon ke liye adhik pani ki mang lagatar badhati janasankhya ke karan badh rahi hai. Badhati mang aur vilasita ke jivan ki pratiyogita ke karan jal pradushan pure vishv ke logon ke dvara kiya ja raha hai. Kai sari manav kriyakalapon se utpadit kachara pure pani ko kharab karata hai aur jal mein oksijan ki matra ko kam karata hai. Aise pradushak jal ki bhautik, rasayanik, tharmal aur jaiv-rasayanik visheshata ko kam karate hain aur pani ke bahar ke sath hi pani ke andar ke jivan ko buri tarah prabhavit karate hain.
jab ham pradushit pani pite hain, khataranak rasayan aur dusare pradushak sharir ke andar pravesh kar jate hain aur sharir ke sabhi angon ke karyon ko bigad dete hain aur hamara jivan khatare mein dal dete hain. Aise khataranak rasayan pashu aur paudhon ke jivan ko bhi buri tarah se prabhavit karate hain. Jab paudhe apani jadon ke dvara gande pani ko sokhate hain, vo badhana band kar dete hain aur mar ya sukh jate hain. Jahajon aur udyogon se chhalakate tel ki vajah se hajaron samudri pakshi mar jate hain. Khad, kitanashakon ke krshi upayogon se bahar ane vale rasayanon ke karan uchch stariy jal pradushan hota hai. Jal pradushak ki matra aur prakar ke adhar par jal pradushan ka prabhav jagah ke anusar badalata hai. Pine ke pani ki giravat ko rokane ke liye turant ek bachav tarike ki zarurat hai jo dharati par rah rahe harek antim vyakti ki samajh aur sahayata ke dvara sambhav hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 5 (300)
dharati par jivan ke liye jal sabase zaruri vastu hai. Yahan kisi bhi prakar ke jivan aur usake astitv ko ye sambhav banata hai. Jiv mandal mein paristhitiki santulan ko ye banaye rakhata hai. Pine, nahane, urja utpadan, fasalon ki sinchai, sivez ke nipatan, utpadan prakriya adi bahut uddeshyon ko pura karane ke liye svachchh jal bahut zaruri hai. Badhati janasankhya ke karan tej audyogikikaran aur aniyojit shaharikaran badh raha hai jo bade aur chhote pani ke sroton mein dher sara kachara chhod rahen hain jo antat: pani ki gunavatta ko gira raha hai. Jal mein aise pradushakon ke sidhe aur lagatar milane se pani mein upalabdh ojon (jo khataranak sukshm jivon ko marata hai) ke ghatane ke dvara jal ki sv: shuddhikaran kshamata ghat rahi hai. Jal pradushak jal ki rasayanik, bhautik aur jaivik visheshata ko bigad raha hai jo pure vishv mein sabhi paud-paudhon, manav aur janavaron ke liye bahut khataranak hai. Pashu aur paudhon ki bahut sari mahatvapurn prajatiyan jal pradushakon ke karan khatm ho chuki hai. Ye ek vaishvik samasya hai jo vikasit aur vikasashil donon deshon ko prabhavit kar rahi hain. Khanan, krshi, machhali palan, stokabriding, vibhinn udyog, shahari manav kriyayen, shaharikaran, nirman udyogon ki badhati sankhya, gharelu sivez adi ke karan bade star par pura pani pradushit ho raha hai.
vibhinn sroton se nikale jal padarth ki vishishtata par nirbhar jal pradushan ke bahut sare srot hain (bindu srot aur gair-bindu srot ya bikhara hua srot). Udyog, sivez upachar sanyantr, apashisht bharavakshetr, khataranak kude ki jagah se bindu srot paipalain, nala, sivar adi sammilit karata hai, tel bhandaran taink se likez jo sidhe pani ke sroton mein kachara girata hai. Jal pradushan ka bikhara hua srot krshi sambandhi maidan, dher sara pashudhan chara, parking sthal aur sadak mein se satah jal, shahari sadakon se tufani apavah adi hain jo bade pani ke sroton mein inase nikale hue pradushakon ko mila deta hai. Gair-bindu pradushak srot bade star par jal pradushan mein bhagidari karata hai jise niyantrit karana bahut kathin aur mahanga hai.
jal pradushan par nibandh 6 (400)
pure vishv ke liye jal pradushan ek bada paryavaraniy aur samajik mudda hai. Ye apane charam bindu par pahunch chuka hai. Rashtriy paryavaran abhiyantriki anusandhan sansthan (niri), nagapur ke anusar ye dhyan dilaya gaya hai ki nadi jal ka 70% bade star par pradushit gaya hai ho. Bharat ki mukhy nadi vyavastha jaise ganga, brahmaputr, sindhu, prayadvipiy aur dakshin tat nadi vyavastha bade paimane par prabhavit chuki hai ho. Bharat mein mukhy nadi khasataur se ganga bharatiy sanskrti aur virasat se atyadhik judi hui hai. Amataur par log jaldi subah nahate hain aur kisi bhi vrat ya utsav mein ganga jal ko devi-devataon ko arpan karate hain. Apane puja ko sampann karane ke mithak mein ganga mein puja vidhi se judi sabhi samagri ko dal dete hain.
nadiyon mein dale gaye kachare se jal ke sv: punarchakran kshamata ke ghatane ke dvara jal pradushan badhata hai isaliye nadiyon ke pani ko svachchh aur taja rakhane ke liye sabhi deshon mein khasataur se bharat mein sarakaron dvara ise pratibandhit kar dena chahiye. Uchch star ke audyogikikaran hone ke bavajud dusare deshon se jal pradushan ki sthiti bharat mein adhik kharab hai. Kendriy pradushan niyantran bord ki riport ke anusar, bharat mein ganga sabase pradushit nadi hai ab jo pahale apani sv shuddhikaran kshamata aur tej bahane vali nadi ke rup mein prasiddh thi. Lagabhag 45 chamada banane ka karakhana aur 10 kapada mil kanapur ke nikat nadi mein sidhe apana kachara (bhari karbanik kachara aur sada saman) chhodate hain. Ek akalan ke anusar, ganga nadi mein roj lagabhag 1400 miliyan litar sivez aur 200 miliyan litar audyogik kachara lagatar chhoda ja raha hai.
dusare mukhy udyog jinase jal pradushan ho raha hai vo chini mil, bhatti, glisrin, tin, pent, sabun, katai, reyan, silk, sut adi jo jaharile kachare nikalati hai. 1984 mein, ganga ke jal pradushan ko rokane ke liye ganga ekshan plan ko shuru karane ke liye sarakar dvara ek kendriy ganga pradhikaran ki sthapana ki gayi thi. Is yojana ke anusar haridvar se hugali tak bade paimane par 27 shaharon mein pradushan faila rahi lagabhag 120 faiktariyon ko chinhit kiya gaya tha. Lakhanu ke pas gomati nadi mein lagabhag 19.84 miliyan gailan kachara lugadi, kagaj, bhatti, chini, katai, kapada, siment, bhari rasayan, pent aur varnish adi ke faiktariyon se girata hai. Pichhale 4 dashakon ye sthiti aur bhi bhayavah ho chuki hai. Jal pradushan se bachane ke liye sabhi udyogon ko manak niyamon ko manana chahiye, pradushan niyantran bord ko sakht kanun banane chahiye, uchit sivez nipatan suvidha ka prabandhan ho, sivez aur jal upachar sanyantr ki sthapana, sulabh shauchalayon adi ka nirman karana chahiye.
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